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- Akram, M. (2018, Decemeber 9). Hybrid Warfare. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1450346
- Ali, S. (2020). Timeline: Events Leading up to the Feb 2019 Pak-India Aerial Combat. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1536224.
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- Boyd-Barrett, O. (2004). Judith Miller, The New York Times, and the Propaganda Model. Journalism Studies, 5 (4), 435
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- Goebbels, J. (1941). Churchill's Lie Factory, Original: Aus Churchills Lügenfabrik, Die Zeit ohne Beispiel. Zentralverlag der NSDAP, 364-369
- Herman, E. & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon Books, 2.
- Hindustan Times. (2019). PM Modi, Amit Shah making false claims on Kashmir: Digvijay Singh. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/m odi-shah-making-false-claims-on- kashmir-digvijay-in-mathura/story- tQCtYSDdbCuqB1wQuAOsdN.html.
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- Khan, M. I. (2016, October 23). India's 'surgical strikes' in Kashmir: Truth or illusion?. BBC World. https://www.bbc.com/news/world- asia-india-37702790.
- Khawaja, A. S. (2018). Shaking Hands with Clenched Fists: The Grand Trunk Road to Confidence Building Measures Between Pakistan and India. National Defence University, 222-223.
- Malik, A. A. & Hussain, N. (2018). Indo-US Nexus to Isolate Pakistan: Options and Responses. Journal of Political Studies. 25 (1), 114.
- Malik, M. (2018, November 24). Pakistan's Faultlines and Hybrid War Challenge. the Nation. https://nation.com.pk/24-Nov- 2018/pakistan-s-faultlines-and-hybrid- war-challenge.
- MOFA. (2018). Record of the Press Briefing by Spokesperson. http://mofa.gov.pk/record- of-the-press-briefing-by-spokesperson- on-19-july-2018/
- Nichols, M. (2020) Pakistan gives UN a dossier on India after India submits one on Pakistan. US https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-india- pakistan-un-idUKKBN2843EC.
- Press Council of India. (2010). PCI, Report on Paid News. New Delhi: Press Council of India. https://presscouncil.nic.in/OldWebsite/Co uncilReport.pdf.
- Pundit, R. (2016, September 19). Army to turn on the heat, asks govt to consider cross- border strikes. Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ Army-to-turn-on-heat-asks-govt-to- consider-cross-border- strikes/articleshow/54397656.cms
- Quraishi, S. Y. (2018). A Handbook of Journalism: Media in the Information Age. In Elections and the Media, edited by V. Eshwar Anand and K. Jayanthi. Saga, 88.
- Raha, S. (2016). War and peace: how the media covered the Uri attack,. The Hoot. http://asu.thehoot.org/media- watch/media-practice/war-and-peace- how-the-media-covered-the-uri-attack- 9654.
- Rajgarhia, S. (2020). Media Manipulation in the Indian Context:An Analysis of Kashmir- Related Discourse on Twitter, Mossavar- Rahmani Center for Business & Government (Harvard Kennedy School), No. 147. https://www.hks.harvard.edu/centers/mrc bg/publications/awp/awp147.
- Rej, A. (2020). EU non-profit unearths massive Indian disinformation campaign. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2020/12/eu-non- profit-unearths-massive-indian- disinformation-campaign/.
- Reporters Without Borders. (2019). India: Two Kashmiri newspapers deprived of state ads in bid to apply pressure. https://rsf.org/en/news/india-two- kashmiri-newspapers-deprived-state-ads- bid-apply-pressure.
- Reporters without Borders. (2018). India: Well- known newspaper editor gunned down in Kashmir. https://rsf.org/en/news/india- well-known-newspaper-editor-gunned- down-kashmir.
- Scarr, S., Inton, C. & Huang, H. (2019). An Air Strike and its Aftermath. Reuters Graphics. https://graphics.reuters.com/INDIA- KASHMIR/010090XM162/index.html.
- Sehgal, I. (2021, April 9). Hybrid warfare strategic coercion against Pakistan. Daily Times. https://dailytimes.com.pk/743301/hybrid- warfare-pandemic-style/.
- Singh, S. (2016, September 30). Surgical Strikes: Significant Casualities among the terrorists and their Backers, says Indian army. The Indian Express. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/in dia-news-india/surgical-strikes-indian- army-pakistan-terror-groups-casualties- pok-loc-3057013/
- Singh. (2019). Balakot: Why was the Air Strike Successful. IDR. http://www.indiandefencereview.com/ne ws/balakot-why-was-the-air-strike- successful/.
- Statista. (2021). Number of social network users in India from 2015 to 2018 with a forecast until 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/278407/ number-of-social-network-users-in-india/.
- Suchitra,V. & Drennan, V. S. (2019, March 5). After Pulwama, the Indian Media Proves it s the BJP's Propaganda Machine. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinion s/2019/03/04/after-pulwama-indianmedia- proves-it-is-bjps-pr.
- The Economic Times. (2018). Joint exercise with Pakistan not right, India tells Russia. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ne ws/defence/joint-exercise-with-pakistan- not-right-india-tells- russia/articleshow/54806951.cms?from=md r.
- The Economic Times. (2019). Amit Shah holds roadshow in Ahmedabad, says 'entire Kashmir is ours. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ne ws/elections/lok-sabha/india/amit-shah- holds-roadshow-in-ahmedabad-says- entire-kashmir-is- ours/articleshow/68757291.cms.
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Cite this article
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APA : Imran, S., & Zafar, M. A. (2021). Propaganda Warfare: Indian Disinformation Campaign against Pakistan. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VI(II), 32-46. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(VI-II).04
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CHICAGO : Imran, Sumeera, and Mohammad Ali Zafar. 2021. "Propaganda Warfare: Indian Disinformation Campaign against Pakistan." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VI (II): 32-46 doi: 10.31703/gsssr.2021(VI-II).04
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HARVARD : IMRAN, S. & ZAFAR, M. A. 2021. Propaganda Warfare: Indian Disinformation Campaign against Pakistan. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VI, 32-46.
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MHRA : Imran, Sumeera, and Mohammad Ali Zafar. 2021. "Propaganda Warfare: Indian Disinformation Campaign against Pakistan." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VI: 32-46
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MLA : Imran, Sumeera, and Mohammad Ali Zafar. "Propaganda Warfare: Indian Disinformation Campaign against Pakistan." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VI.II (2021): 32-46 Print.
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OXFORD : Imran, Sumeera and Zafar, Mohammad Ali (2021), "Propaganda Warfare: Indian Disinformation Campaign against Pakistan", Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VI (II), 32-46
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TURABIAN : Imran, Sumeera, and Mohammad Ali Zafar. "Propaganda Warfare: Indian Disinformation Campaign against Pakistan." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review VI, no. II (2021): 32-46. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(VI-II).04