HEGEMONIC NATURE OF UNITED STATES WITH TEHRAN AND ITS IMPACTS ON MIDDLE EAST ME POLITICS A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(VI-I).03      10.31703/gsssr.2021(VI-I).03      Published : Mar 2021
Authored by : Munib Khalid , Shabnam Gul , Muhammad Faizan Asghar

03 Pages : 20-26

References

  • Baker, P. (2010). Obama Signs into Law Tighter Sanctions on Iran. New York Times. 1 July. Available at (accessed 16 December 2012). http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/02/world /middleeast/02sanctions.html
  • Barnett, M. (1996). Identity and Alliances in the Middle East. In: Katzenstein P (ed) The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press,410
  • Moussalli, A. S. (2008). US Foreign Policy and Islamist Politics. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. 65.
  • BBC News. (2012). Russian Warns against Arming Syrian Opposition. BBC News, 4 April. Available at (accessed 4 May 2012). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world- middle-east-17607547
  • Benhorin, Y. (2012). Pm: You Want Fanatics to Have Nuclear Weapons? Ynet News, 16 September. Available at (accessed 18 October 2012). http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340, L-4281893,00.html
  • Blumer, H. (1969). The Methodological Position of Symbolic Interactionism. Berkeley, UK: University of California Press.
  • Brandenberg, R. (2010). Iran and the Palestinians. PBS Frontline, 28 October. Available at (accessed 1 May 2012) www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehra nbureau/2010/10/iran-primer-iran-and- the-palestinians.html
  • Dabashi, H. (1993). Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundations of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. New York, N. Y New York University Press. 34.
  • Ervand, A. (1993). Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.29.
  • Harik, J. P. (2005). Hezbollah: The Changing Face of Terrorism. New York, N.Y: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd. 21.
  • Hodgson, M. G. S. (1974). The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, vol. 1, The Classical Age of Islam. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 112
  • Holliday, S. J. (2011). Defining Iran: Politics of Resistance. Burlington, N.J: Ashgate.
  • Katzenstein, P. J. (1996). Introduction: Alternative Perspectives on National Security. In Katzenstein, P J (ed) The Culture of National Securities: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York, N.Y: Columbia University Press. 1-32.
  • Katzman, K. (2009). Iran: US Concerns and Policy Responses. Congressional Research Service, 6 August. Available at (accessed 5 May 2012). http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organizati on/127292.pdf
  • Keddie, N. R. (1980). Iran: Change in Islam; Islam and Change. International Journal of Middle East Studies 11(4), 527-542
  • Khan, H., & Martinez, L. (2012). Fear of Israel War with Iran Grows Amid Heightened Nuke Concerns. ABC News, 3 February. Available at (accessed 5 May 2012). http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012 /02/drumbeat-of-war-with-iran-grows- amid-heightened-nukeconcerns/
  • Kowert, P. (2012). Completing the Ideational Triangle: Identity, Choice, and Obligation in International Relations. In: Shannon V P and Kowert, P. (eds) Psychology and Constructivism in International Relations: An Ideational Alliance, 30-53, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 32.
  • Kreidie, L. H., & Monroe, K. R. (2002). Psychological Boundaries and Ethnic Conflict: How Identity Constrained Choice and Worked to Turn Ordinary People into Perpetrators of Ethnic Violence During the Lebanese Civil War. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 16(1), 5-36
  • Loseke, D. R. (2007). The Study of Identity as Cultural, Institutional, Organizational, and Personal Narratives: Theoretical and Empirical Integrations. The Sociological Quarterly 48, 661-688.
  • Mason, J., & Rampton, R. (2012). Obama Says Enough World Oil to Crack Down on Iran Sales. Reuters, 29 March. Available at (accessed 30 March 2012). http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/30/ us-oil-obama-ranidUSBRE82S1FD20120330?feedType=R SS
  • Mehr News. (2005). Iran's Statement at IAEA Emergency Meeting', FAS, 10 August. Available at (28 November 2011). http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/nuke/ mehr080905.html
  • Milani, M. M. (1994). The Making of Iran's Islamic Revolution: Form Monarchy to Islamic Republic. Boulder: Westview Press. 141
  • Mirbaghari, F. (2004). Shi'ism and Iran's Foreign Policy. The Muslim World 94(October): 555-563
  • Nakash, Y. (2006). Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World. Princeton: USA. Princeton University Press. 168.
  • Nasr, V. (2007). The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future. New York, N.Y: W. W. Norton & Company Inc. 221.
  • Onuf, N. (1998). Constructivism: A User's Manuel. In: Kubálková V, Onuf N, and Kowert P (eds) International Relations in a Constructed World. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 58-78.
  • Parsons, C. (2012). Obama: US. Will Not Hesitate to Use Force' Against Iran. Los Angeles Times, 4 March. Available at (accessed 12 March 2012) http://articles.latimes.com/2012/mar/04/ne ws/la-pn-obama-aipac-20120304
  • Patterson, M., & Monroe, K. R. (1998). Narrative in Political Science. Annual Review of Political Science 1, 316.
  • Rakel, E. P. (2007). Iranian Foreign Policy since the Iranian Islamic Revolution: 1979- 2006. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 6. 159-187.
  • Reuters. (2012). Iran Praises Syria for its Handling of Uprising. Reuters, 27 March. Available at (accessed 3 May 2012). http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/27/ us-iran-syria-uprising- idUSBRE82Q11M20120327
  • Rubin, B. (2006). Iran: The Rise of a Regional Power. The Middle East Review of International Affairs, 10(3), 1-10
  • Stratfor Global Intelligence. (2013). Iran: Managing U.S. Military Action in Syria. Analysis. September 2013. Available at (accessed 18 October 19, 2013) http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/iran- managing-us-military- actionsyria?utm_source=freelistf
  • Takeyh, R. (2006). Hidden Iran: Paradox and Power in the Islamic Republic. New York: Times Books/Henry Holt and Company.
  • Tehran Times (2009) Nuclear Program is Symbol of Iranian Culture. Tehran Times, 22 October. Available at (accessed 4 March 2012). http://old.tehrantimes.com/Index_view.as p?code=206126
  • Tehran Times. (2011). Iran will stand by Hezbollah and Hamas. Tehran Times, 5 January. Available at (accessed14 March 2012). http://old.tehrantimes.com/index_View.as p?code=233569
  • Tehran Times. (2012). Iran, Iraq Can Play Effective Roles in Resolving Regional Issues. Tehran Times, 31 August. Available at (accessed 29 October 2012). http://www.tehrantimes.com/tehran- times-nam-coverage/101075iran-iraq-can- play-effective-roles-in-resolving-regional- issues
  • Baker, P. (2010). Obama Signs into Law Tighter Sanctions on Iran. New York Times. 1 July. Available at (accessed 16 December 2012). http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/02/world /middleeast/02sanctions.html
  • Barnett, M. (1996). Identity and Alliances in the Middle East. In: Katzenstein P (ed) The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press,410
  • Moussalli, A. S. (2008). US Foreign Policy and Islamist Politics. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. 65.
  • BBC News. (2012). Russian Warns against Arming Syrian Opposition. BBC News, 4 April. Available at (accessed 4 May 2012). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world- middle-east-17607547
  • Benhorin, Y. (2012). Pm: You Want Fanatics to Have Nuclear Weapons? Ynet News, 16 September. Available at (accessed 18 October 2012). http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340, L-4281893,00.html
  • Blumer, H. (1969). The Methodological Position of Symbolic Interactionism. Berkeley, UK: University of California Press.
  • Brandenberg, R. (2010). Iran and the Palestinians. PBS Frontline, 28 October. Available at (accessed 1 May 2012) www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehra nbureau/2010/10/iran-primer-iran-and- the-palestinians.html
  • Dabashi, H. (1993). Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundations of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. New York, N. Y New York University Press. 34.
  • Ervand, A. (1993). Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.29.
  • Harik, J. P. (2005). Hezbollah: The Changing Face of Terrorism. New York, N.Y: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd. 21.
  • Hodgson, M. G. S. (1974). The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, vol. 1, The Classical Age of Islam. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 112
  • Holliday, S. J. (2011). Defining Iran: Politics of Resistance. Burlington, N.J: Ashgate.
  • Katzenstein, P. J. (1996). Introduction: Alternative Perspectives on National Security. In Katzenstein, P J (ed) The Culture of National Securities: Norms and Identity in World Politics. New York, N.Y: Columbia University Press. 1-32.
  • Katzman, K. (2009). Iran: US Concerns and Policy Responses. Congressional Research Service, 6 August. Available at (accessed 5 May 2012). http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organizati on/127292.pdf
  • Keddie, N. R. (1980). Iran: Change in Islam; Islam and Change. International Journal of Middle East Studies 11(4), 527-542
  • Khan, H., & Martinez, L. (2012). Fear of Israel War with Iran Grows Amid Heightened Nuke Concerns. ABC News, 3 February. Available at (accessed 5 May 2012). http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012 /02/drumbeat-of-war-with-iran-grows- amid-heightened-nukeconcerns/
  • Kowert, P. (2012). Completing the Ideational Triangle: Identity, Choice, and Obligation in International Relations. In: Shannon V P and Kowert, P. (eds) Psychology and Constructivism in International Relations: An Ideational Alliance, 30-53, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 32.
  • Kreidie, L. H., & Monroe, K. R. (2002). Psychological Boundaries and Ethnic Conflict: How Identity Constrained Choice and Worked to Turn Ordinary People into Perpetrators of Ethnic Violence During the Lebanese Civil War. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 16(1), 5-36
  • Loseke, D. R. (2007). The Study of Identity as Cultural, Institutional, Organizational, and Personal Narratives: Theoretical and Empirical Integrations. The Sociological Quarterly 48, 661-688.
  • Mason, J., & Rampton, R. (2012). Obama Says Enough World Oil to Crack Down on Iran Sales. Reuters, 29 March. Available at (accessed 30 March 2012). http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/30/ us-oil-obama-ranidUSBRE82S1FD20120330?feedType=R SS
  • Mehr News. (2005). Iran's Statement at IAEA Emergency Meeting', FAS, 10 August. Available at (28 November 2011). http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/nuke/ mehr080905.html
  • Milani, M. M. (1994). The Making of Iran's Islamic Revolution: Form Monarchy to Islamic Republic. Boulder: Westview Press. 141
  • Mirbaghari, F. (2004). Shi'ism and Iran's Foreign Policy. The Muslim World 94(October): 555-563
  • Nakash, Y. (2006). Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World. Princeton: USA. Princeton University Press. 168.
  • Nasr, V. (2007). The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future. New York, N.Y: W. W. Norton & Company Inc. 221.
  • Onuf, N. (1998). Constructivism: A User's Manuel. In: Kubálková V, Onuf N, and Kowert P (eds) International Relations in a Constructed World. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 58-78.
  • Parsons, C. (2012). Obama: US. Will Not Hesitate to Use Force' Against Iran. Los Angeles Times, 4 March. Available at (accessed 12 March 2012) http://articles.latimes.com/2012/mar/04/ne ws/la-pn-obama-aipac-20120304
  • Patterson, M., & Monroe, K. R. (1998). Narrative in Political Science. Annual Review of Political Science 1, 316.
  • Rakel, E. P. (2007). Iranian Foreign Policy since the Iranian Islamic Revolution: 1979- 2006. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 6. 159-187.
  • Reuters. (2012). Iran Praises Syria for its Handling of Uprising. Reuters, 27 March. Available at (accessed 3 May 2012). http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/27/ us-iran-syria-uprising- idUSBRE82Q11M20120327
  • Rubin, B. (2006). Iran: The Rise of a Regional Power. The Middle East Review of International Affairs, 10(3), 1-10
  • Stratfor Global Intelligence. (2013). Iran: Managing U.S. Military Action in Syria. Analysis. September 2013. Available at (accessed 18 October 19, 2013) http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/iran- managing-us-military- actionsyria?utm_source=freelistf
  • Takeyh, R. (2006). Hidden Iran: Paradox and Power in the Islamic Republic. New York: Times Books/Henry Holt and Company.
  • Tehran Times (2009) Nuclear Program is Symbol of Iranian Culture. Tehran Times, 22 October. Available at (accessed 4 March 2012). http://old.tehrantimes.com/Index_view.as p?code=206126
  • Tehran Times. (2011). Iran will stand by Hezbollah and Hamas. Tehran Times, 5 January. Available at (accessed14 March 2012). http://old.tehrantimes.com/index_View.as p?code=233569
  • Tehran Times. (2012). Iran, Iraq Can Play Effective Roles in Resolving Regional Issues. Tehran Times, 31 August. Available at (accessed 29 October 2012). http://www.tehrantimes.com/tehran- times-nam-coverage/101075iran-iraq-can- play-effective-roles-in-resolving-regional- issues

Cite this article

    APA : Khalid, M., Gul, S., & Asghar, M. F. (2021). Hegemonic Nature of United States with Tehran and its Impacts on Middle East (ME) Politics: A Critical Analysis. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VI(I), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(VI-I).03
    CHICAGO : Khalid, Munib, Shabnam Gul, and Muhammad Faizan Asghar. 2021. "Hegemonic Nature of United States with Tehran and its Impacts on Middle East (ME) Politics: A Critical Analysis." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VI (I): 20-26 doi: 10.31703/gsssr.2021(VI-I).03
    HARVARD : KHALID, M., GUL, S. & ASGHAR, M. F. 2021. Hegemonic Nature of United States with Tehran and its Impacts on Middle East (ME) Politics: A Critical Analysis. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VI, 20-26.
    MHRA : Khalid, Munib, Shabnam Gul, and Muhammad Faizan Asghar. 2021. "Hegemonic Nature of United States with Tehran and its Impacts on Middle East (ME) Politics: A Critical Analysis." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VI: 20-26
    MLA : Khalid, Munib, Shabnam Gul, and Muhammad Faizan Asghar. "Hegemonic Nature of United States with Tehran and its Impacts on Middle East (ME) Politics: A Critical Analysis." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VI.I (2021): 20-26 Print.
    OXFORD : Khalid, Munib, Gul, Shabnam, and Asghar, Muhammad Faizan (2021), "Hegemonic Nature of United States with Tehran and its Impacts on Middle East (ME) Politics: A Critical Analysis", Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, VI (I), 20-26
    TURABIAN : Khalid, Munib, Shabnam Gul, and Muhammad Faizan Asghar. "Hegemonic Nature of United States with Tehran and its Impacts on Middle East (ME) Politics: A Critical Analysis." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review VI, no. I (2021): 20-26. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(VI-I).03