http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2024(IX-III).02
10.31703/gsssr.2024(IX-III).02
Published : Sep 2024
Nuclear Proliferation and International Security Case Studies of Iran and North Korea
The widespread existence of weapons presents a threat, to global security as evidenced by the circumstances involving Iran and North Korea. Both countries pursued nuclear policies, leading to regional and global conflict. Rightly needing peace, Iran’s nuclear energy has faced international skepticism, resulting in sanctions and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action to Control its Nuclear Activities (JCPOA) but the effectiveness of "the JCPOA remains controversial", worrying Iran to comply according to the law. In contrast, North Korea's nuclear program is growing more military, with many tests of nuclear weapons and missile launches in defiance of UN resolutions. Despite international attempts, including treaties and penalties, North Korea's nuclear development continues to deteriorate, defying global non-proliferation rules. Global security requires better international collaboration, robust verification methods, and long-term transnational solutions.
-
North Korea, Iran, Nuclear Power, Security, UN, War
-
(1) Waheed Jan
M.Phil Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Muhammad Fahim Khan
MPhil, International Relations, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Naila Farooq
MPhil, International Relations, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
-
Akhtar, S., & Khan, Z. (2014). Understanding the nuclear aspirations and behavior of North Korea and Iran. Strategic Analysis, 38(5), 617–633. https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2014.941211
- Amir, M. (2023). Us Counter Proliferation Efforts: A Comparative Study of Iran and North Korea. Social Sciences Spectrum. 71-88.
- Arslanian, F. (2023). The Impact of Economic Sanctions on Nuclear Non-Proliferation: The Case of Iran (2005-15). The International Spectator, 58(4), 16–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2023.2228679
- Baxter, P., Hastings, J. V., Kim, P., & Yim, M. (2021). Mapping the development of North Korea’s domestic nuclear research networks. Review of Policy Research, 39(2), 219–246. https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12462
- Bleek, P. C., & Lorber, E. B. (2013). Security guarantees and allied nuclear proliferation. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 58(3), 429–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002713509050
- Brewer, E. (2021). The nuclear proliferation landscape: Is past prologue? The Washington Quarterly, 44(2), 181–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660x.2021.1934250
- Cotton, J. (2005). The Proliferation Security Initiative and North Korea: Legality and limitations of a coalition strategy. Security Dialogue, 36(2), 193–211. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010605054648
- DeFrancia, C. (2012). Enforcing the nuclear non-proliferation regime: the legality of preventive measures. Vand. J. Transnat'l L, 705.
- Dupont, P. (2013). Compliance with Treaties in the Context of Nuclear Non-proliferation: Assessing Claims in the Case of Iran. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 19(2), 161–210. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krt017
- Evans, C. P. (2021). Going, Going, Gone? Assessing Iran’s Possible Grounds for Withdrawal from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 26(2), 309–345. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krab001
- Fitzpatrick, M. (2006). Iran and North Korea: The proliferation Nexus. Survival, 48(1), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396330600594264
- Foster, B. D. (2020). US FOREIGN POLICY IN RELATION TO NORTH KOREA (Doctoral dissertation, Monterey. CA: Naval Postgraduate School. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1114526.pdf
- Gartzke, E., & Kroenig, M. (2009). A strategic approach to nuclear proliferation. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 53(2), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002708330039
- Hufbauer, G. C., & Jung, E. (2020). What’s new in economic sanctions? European Economic Review, 130, 103572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103572
- Jervis, R. (2013). Getting to Yes with Iran: The Challenges of Coercive Diplomacy on JSTOR. www.jstor.org. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41721008
- Kampani, G. (2002). Second tier proliferation: The case of Pakistan and North Korea. The Nonproliferation Review, 9(3), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/10736700208436907
- Kim, P., Kim, J., & Yim, M. (2022). Assessing proliferation uncertainty in civilian nuclear cooperation under new power dynamics of the international nuclear trade. Energy Policy, 163, 112852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112852
- Lee, C. M. (2009). The Evolution of the North Korean Nuclear Crisis: Implications for Iran. The Institute Francis des Relations Internationales (IFRI), 20-38. https://www.ifri.org/en/publications/etudes-de-lifri/proliferation-papers/evolution-north-korean-nuclear-crisis-implications
- Lee, H. (2024). Analysis and prospect of DPRK nuclear issue based on “Strategic logic of nuclear proliferation.” Defense and Security Analysis, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2024.2318916
- Martin, C. H. (2007). “GOOD COP/BAD COP” AS a MODEL FOR NONPROLIFERATION DIPLOMACY TOWARD NORTH KOREA AND IRAN. The Nonproliferation Review, 14(1), 61–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/10736700601178473
- Mazarr, M. J. (1995). Going Just a Little Nuclear: Nonproliferation Lessons from North Korea. International Security, 20(2), 92. https://doi.org/10.2307/2539230
- Min, W., & Han, S. (2020). Economic sanctions against North Korea: The pivotal role of US–China cooperation. International Area Studies Review, 23(2), 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/2233865920901896
- Narang, V. (2015). Nuclear strategies of emerging nuclear powers: North Korea and Iran. The Washington Quarterly, 38(1), 73–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660x.2015.1038175
- Ogilvie-White, T. (2010). THE DEFIANT STATES. The Nonproliferation Review, 17(1), 115–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/10736700903484702
- Smith, H. (2020). The ethics of United Nations sanctions on North Korea: effectiveness, necessity and proportionality. Critical Asian Studies, 52(2), 182–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2020.1757479
- Sobecki, N. K. (2024). Negotiating regional order: regional power influences on nuclear nonproliferation in East Asia. International Politics, 125-144.
- Vaddi, S. (2024). The Treaty of Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) in North Korea’s denuclearization process: Implications for Northeast Asia. Peace Review, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2024.2343028
- Zarate, R. (2013). The Non-Use and Abuse of Nuclear Proliferation Intelligence in the Cases of Iran and North Korea. Korea Observer, 411-41.
Cite this article
-
APA : Jan, W., Khan, M. F., & Farooq, N. (2024). Nuclear Proliferation and International Security Case Studies of Iran and North Korea. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, IX(III), 12-23. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2024(IX-III).02
-
CHICAGO : Jan, Waheed, Muhammad Fahim Khan, and Naila Farooq. 2024. "Nuclear Proliferation and International Security Case Studies of Iran and North Korea." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, IX (III): 12-23 doi: 10.31703/gsssr.2024(IX-III).02
-
HARVARD : JAN, W., KHAN, M. F. & FAROOQ, N. 2024. Nuclear Proliferation and International Security Case Studies of Iran and North Korea. Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, IX, 12-23.
-
MHRA : Jan, Waheed, Muhammad Fahim Khan, and Naila Farooq. 2024. "Nuclear Proliferation and International Security Case Studies of Iran and North Korea." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, IX: 12-23
-
MLA : Jan, Waheed, Muhammad Fahim Khan, and Naila Farooq. "Nuclear Proliferation and International Security Case Studies of Iran and North Korea." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, IX.III (2024): 12-23 Print.
-
OXFORD : Jan, Waheed, Khan, Muhammad Fahim, and Farooq, Naila (2024), "Nuclear Proliferation and International Security Case Studies of Iran and North Korea", Global Strategic & Security Studies Review, IX (III), 12-23
-
TURABIAN : Jan, Waheed, Muhammad Fahim Khan, and Naila Farooq. "Nuclear Proliferation and International Security Case Studies of Iran and North Korea." Global Strategic & Security Studies Review IX, no. III (2024): 12-23. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2024(IX-III).02